More remarkably, the current hydrogel can repeatedly be adhered on/stripped from a variety of surfaces for many cycles without loss of adhesion strength. Therefore, the hydrogel possesses super stretchability, high toughness, stimuli-free self-healing ability, cell affinity and tissue adhesiveness. Inspired by the natural mussel adhesive mechanism, we designed a polydopamine–polyacrylamide (PDA–PAM) single network hydrogel by preventing the overoxidation of dopamine to maintain enough free catechol groups in the hydrogel. In addition, excellent cell affinity and tissue adhesiveness enable integration with the surrounding tissue after implantation. An ideal hydrogel for biomedical engineering should mimic the intrinsic properties of natural tissue, especially high toughness and self-healing ability, in order to withstand cyclic loading and repair skin and muscle damage.
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